Image: Jallianwala Bagh, historical site. Wikimedia Commons.
On 13 April 1919, troops under Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer opened fire on a large gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar. The massacre became a defining event in the history of British rule in India.
What happened at Jallianwala Bagh?
The crowd had gathered on Baisakhi and amid political tensions following the Rowlatt Act. Dyer ordered troops to fire on the gathering.
Gandhi’s reaction
Gandhi condemned the violence and reassessed the Rowlatt Satyagraha. He concluded that the movement had not maintained the nonviolent discipline he considered essential.
From Rowlatt Satyagraha to Non-Cooperation
The massacre contributed to a wider loss of confidence in British rule. Gandhi increasingly advocated non-cooperation as a national strategy.
Why the event changed Indian politics
Jallianwala Bagh became a powerful symbol in the independence movement and intensified public criticism of colonial rule.
Read NewsNationOnline’s Rowlatt Act article and consult the Gandhi Heritage Portal.
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