Image: Gandhi, historical photograph from the civil-disobedience era.
The Civil Disobedience Movement that began in 1930 expanded the challenge to British rule beyond the symbolic breaking of the salt law. Across India, people participated in different forms of protest against colonial laws and economic controls.
From Dandi to nationwide action
Gandhi’s Salt March provided the opening phase of the campaign. Civil disobedience then spread to salt production, boycotts, refusal to pay selected taxes and other forms of non-cooperation.
Arrests and repression
British authorities arrested Gandhi and many other activists. Police action, imprisonment and restrictions became major features of the campaign.
Women and wider participation
Women played visible roles in picketing, salt production and other forms of civil resistance, expanding the social reach of the movement.
Gandhi-Irwin Pact
In 1931, Gandhi and Viceroy Lord Irwin reached an agreement that led to the suspension of civil disobedience and Gandhi’s participation in the Second Round Table Conference in London.
Return to protest
After the conference, the movement resumed amid renewed arrests and government restrictions. It gradually declined and was formally withdrawn in 1934.
Read NewsNationOnline’s Salt March feature and Gandhi and khadi feature.
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